The research performed at the LICR Melbourne Centre is encompassed by two overarching integrated translational research programs: the Cancer Vaccine Program and the Tumour Targeting Program.

Research studies focus on exploring cancer antigen function and targeting, cancer vaccination, antibody structure and function, the identification and characterization of cellular networks that promote the survival and/or growth of cancer cells, molecular imaging, dendritic cell biology and T cell immunology. These fundamental laboratory investigations are integrated with translational research and are crucial to our ability to take scientific discoveries from the laboratory to the clinic.

The Tumour Targeting Program is an integral component of the LICR's international clinical trials, and is composed of the Tumour Targeting Laboratories, Cell Biology Group, Biological Development Facility, Clinical Trial activities and the Austin Health Centre for PET (Positron Emission Tomography).

The Cancer Vaccine Program is composed of three main elements: the Cancer Vaccine and T Cell laboratories, and a clinical team that operates from the Joint Austin Oncology Unit.

The Uro-Oncology Laboratory has been established to study cancers related to the urinary system (kidney, prostate and bladder cancers) and works closely with the other laboratories at the LICR Melbourne Centre.

The activities of the laboratories are supported by the Core Group facilities.